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Archaeology: Tracing the Ancient Glass Trade | Psychology: Notes from Underground | Pharmacology: Partners in Pain Prevention | Physics: Squeezing Fermi Gases into Two Dimensions | Evolution: Growing Closer Together | Chemistry: Watching Rings Cycle | Neuroscience: Splicing Misdirects Migrants
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Foundling | Send in the Wasps | You're Funny, HAL | Map to the Future
[Editorial] Reframing Science Standards
Author: Bruce Alberts
[News of the Week] Archaeology: Copper Mine Threatens Ancient Monastery in Afghanistan
A Chinese company intends to blow up an ancient Buddhist monastery south of Kabul to make way for a massive copper mine. The plan has sparked outrage among Afghan and French archaeologists.
Author: Andrew Lawler
[News of the Week] 2011 Budget: NSF Funding Request Faring Well in Congress
While the 2011 budget requests of other U.S. research agencies are struggling to stay afloat in choppy fiscal seas, so far the National Science Foundation's is sailing through Congress largely intact.
Author: Jeffrey Mervis
[News of the Week] Volcanology: Is China's Riskiest Volcano Stirring Or Merely Biding Its Time?
Last month, a South Korean geologist declared that a 2744-meter-tall volcano on the border of China and North Korea is showing signs of waking from a century-long slumber. But Chinese volcanologists discount the threat and insist that the volcano is quiet.
Author: Richard Stone
[News of the Week] High Energy Physics: Fermilab Physicists Don't See Higgs, Argue They Should Keep Looking
Quelling rumors, Fermilab physicists announced at the International Conference on High Energy Physics that they had not yet spotted a long-sought particle called the Higgs boson—although they have narrowed the range of its mass.
Author: Adrian Cho
[News of the Week] ScienceInsider: From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported this week that Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D–NV) declared the effort to pass a mandatory cap on comprehensive greenhouse gas emissions dead as he couldn't muster a bipartisan supermajority of 60 lawmakers, among other stories.
[News of the Week] International Conference: Money Woes Cast Shadow Over HIV/AIDS, But Ray of Light in South Africa
At the 18th International AIDS Conference last week, the South African government—which from 1999 to 2008 had a president who questioned whether HIV even caused disease and a health minister who advocated lemons and garlic for treatment—declared that "Today, we are guided by science."
Author: Jon Cohen
[News of the Week] ScienceNOW.org: From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported this week that a bacterium can bring leaves back from the dead; astronomers have vetted a new method for finding habitable planets—by testing it on Earth; and "locked-in" patients can communicate with the outside world through sniffing, thanks to a new technology; among other stories.
[News Focus] Is Pharma Running Out of Brainy Ideas?
Recent cutbacks raise concerns about the future of drug development for nervous system disorders.
Author: Greg Miller
[News Focus] Ecology: Europe Tries to Save Its Eels
New national efforts to save the European eel face political and scientific challenges.
Author: Gretchen Vogel
[News Focus] Exploration: Making Smarter, Savvier Robots
What machines of the future really need to learn, say experts who plan to have them explore the far reaches of the solar system, is more independent behavior.
Author: Sam Kean
[Letter] Immigration Law Jeopardizes University Collaboration
Authors: José Antonio de la Peña, Meredith Hay, Carlos Arámburo de la Hoz, Joaquin Ruiz
[Letter] Graduate Education: The Future Is Now
Authors: William B. Russel, Suzanne Ortega
[Letter] Sustainability: A Household Word
Author: Jianguo Liu
[Correction] Corrections and Clarifications
[Technical Comment] Comment on “Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton”
Author: Jef Huisman
[Technical Response] Response to Comment on “Patterns of Diversity in Marine Phytoplankton”
Authors: Andrew D. Barton, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Glenn Flierl, Jason Bragg, Michael J. Follows
[Letter] Studies Support Probable Long-Term Safety of MRI
Authors: Scott K. Holland, Anna W. Byars, Elena Plante, Jerzy P. Szaflarski, Kim Dietrich, Mekibib Altaye
[Book Review] Science Policy: Trapped in the Lower Left Quadrant?
Drawing heavily on his own experiences, Madsen discusses the development of the European Research Area and obstacles still facing efforts to create a "competitive knowledge-based economy."
Author: Michael Stampfer
[Books et al.] Books Received
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 23 July 2010.
[Book Review] Art Exhibition: Shared Resources
Thirty-seven artists from around the world use insects, bones, silkworm cocoons, and other natural materials to craft installations at the interface between art and science.
Author: Andreas Keller
[Policy Forum] Health-Care Policy: To Reform U.S. Health Care, Start with Systematic Reviews
Before initiating new research, a formal synthesis of currently available knowledge should determine whether it is necessary.
Author: Kay Dickersin
[Perspective] Genomics: E. coli, What a Noisy Bug
Investigators detail striking genome-wide variation in gene expression between individual cells.
Author: Sanjay Tyagi
[Perspective] Planetary Science: Winds of Change on Titan
Periodic strong winds blowing opposite to the prevailing wind may explain the dune orientation on Titan.
Author: Ralph D. Lorenz
[Perspective] Medicine: Reconstructing the Lung
Engineering functional lung tissue on the structural scaffold of the native organ in rodents points to a possible strategy for lung regeneration.
Authors: William R. Wagner, Bartley P. Griffith
[Perspective] Chemistry: Connecting Biomass and Petroleum Processing with a Chemical Bridge
Biomass-derived sugars can be converted to fuels via conventional petrochemical processing.
Author: Joseph J. Bozell
[Perspective] Physics: An Atomic View of Quantum Phase Transitions
The transformation of individual cold atoms between quantum phases has been imaged.
Author: Brian DeMarco
[Essay] SPORE* Series Winner: MIT OpenCourseWare: Unlocking Knowledge, Empowering Minds
A collection of more than 2000 course syllabi, lecture notes, assignments, and exams is provided free of charge.
Authors: Cecilia d'Oliveira, Stephen Carson, Kate James, Jeff Lazarus
[Association Affairs] AAAS News and Notes
[Review] New Opportunities for an Ancient Material
Authors: Fiorenzo G. Omenetto, David L. Kaplan
[Brevia] Dopaminergic Network Differences in Human Impulsivity
Highly impulsive individuals have diminished regulatory control of dopamine release.
Authors: Joshua W. Buckholtz, Michael T. Treadway, Ronald L. Cowan, Neil D. Woodward, Rui Li, M. Sib Ansari, Ronald M. Baldwin, Ashley N. Schwartzman, Evan S. Shelby, Clarence E. Smith, Robert M. Kessler, David H. Zald
[Research Article] Quantifying E. coli Proteome and Transcriptome with Single-Molecule Sensitivity in Single Cells
Measurement of protein and messenger RNA copy numbers in single Escherichia coli cells gives a system-wide view of stochastic gene expression.
Authors: Yuichi Taniguchi, Paul J. Choi, Gene-Wei Li, Huiyi Chen, Mohan Babu, Jeremy Hearn, Andrew Emili, X. Sunney Xie
[Research Article] Tissue-Engineered Lungs for in Vivo Implantation
Decellularized rat lungs rebuilt with new cells in vitro can function at a rudimentary level when implanted back into a rat.
Authors: Thomas H. Petersen, Elizabeth A. Calle, Liping Zhao, Eun Jung Lee, Liqiong Gui, MichaSam B. Raredon, Kseniya Gavrilov, Tai Yi, Zhen W. Zhuang, Christopher Breuer, Erica Herzog, Laura E. Niklason
[Report] Single-Shot Readout of a Single Nuclear Spin
The quantum state of a single nitrogen vacancy in diamond can be read out nondestructively in a single-shot measurement.
Authors: Philipp Neumann, Johannes Beck, Matthias Steiner, Florian Rempp, Helmut Fedder, Philip R. Hemmer, Jörg Wrachtrup, Fedor Jelezko
[Report] Strain-Induced Pseudo–Magnetic Fields Greater Than 300 Tesla in Graphene Nanobubbles
Strain creates energy levels in graphene that are similar to those seen in very high applied magnetic fields.
Authors: N. Levy, S. A. Burke, K. L. Meaker, M. Panlasigui, A. Zettl, F. Guinea, A. H. Castro Neto, M. F. Crommie
[Report] Probing the Superfluid–to–Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level
Imaging of atoms that were optically trapped in lattice sites reveals local dynamics of a quantum phase transition.
Authors: W. S. Bakr, A. Peng, M. E. Tai, R. Ma, J. Simon, J. I. Gillen, S. Fölling, L. Pollet, M. Greiner
[Report] Ultrathin PbS Sheets by Two-Dimensional Oriented Attachment
Self-assembled two-dimensional nanocrystals of lead sulfide have excellent photoconductive properties.
Authors: Constanze Schliehe, Beatriz H. Juarez, Marie Pelletier, Sebastian Jander, Denis Greshnykh, Mona Nagel, Andreas Meyer, Stephan Foerster, Andreas Kornowski, Christian Klinke, Horst Weller
[Report] Steric Effects in the Chemisorption of Vibrationally Excited Methane on Ni(100)
The reaction underlying industrial hydrogen production depends subtly on the reagent’s orientation toward the catalyst.
Authors: Bruce L. Yoder, Régis Bisson, Rainer D. Beck
[Report] Decrease in the CO2 Uptake Capacity in an Ice-Free Arctic Ocean Basin
The current carbon dioxide levels in the Arctic Ocean basin will limit further uptake under ice-free conditions.
Authors: Wei-Jun Cai, Liqi Chen, Baoshan Chen, Zhongyong Gao, Sang H. Lee, Jianfang Chen, Denis Pierrot, Kevin Sullivan, Yongchen Wang, Xinping Hu, Wei-Jen Huang, Yuanhui Zhang, Suqing Xu, Akihiko Murata, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, E. Peter Jones, Haisheng Zhang
[Report] Microbial Biosynthesis of Alkanes
Alkane biosynthesis genes were identified in cyanobacteria and engineered into Escherichia coli for recombinant hydrocarbon production.
Authors: Andreas Schirmer, Mathew A. Rude, Xuezhi Li, Emanuela Popova, Stephen B. del Cardayre
[Report] Btbd7 Regulates Epithelial Cell Dynamics and Branching Morphogenesis
A regulatory gene suppresses cell adhesion and enhances cell motility to help form branched organs.
Authors: Tomohiro Onodera, Takayoshi Sakai, Jeff Chi-feng Hsu, Kazue Matsumoto, John A. Chiorini, Kenneth M. Yamada
[Report] Early Chordate Origins of the Vertebrate Second Heart Field
The mammalian heart and pharyngeal muscles of tunicates may originate from the same precursor cells in a shared ancestor.
Authors: Alberto Stolfi, T. Blair Gainous, John J. Young, Alessandro Mori, Michael Levine, Lionel Christiaen
[Report] Identification of a Cell of Origin for Human Prostate Cancer
A new experimental model identifies basal cells, rather than luminal cells, as the origin of prostate cancer.
Authors: Andrew S. Goldstein, Jiaoti Huang, Changyong Guo, Isla P. Garraway, Owen N. Witte
[Report] Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP
Central nervous system glial cells are key players in the chemo-reflex essential for breathing.
Authors: Alexander V. Gourine, Vitaliy Kasymov, Nephtali Marina, Feige Tang, Melina F. Figueiredo, Samantha Lane, Anja G. Teschemacher, K. Michael Spyer, Karl Deisseroth, Sergey Kasparov
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